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Our coast

Sand dunes

Sand dunes are a feature of about 1100km of the New Zealand coastline and, because of their location between the sea and land, are under constant threat from development and recreational use. It is important that we understand what they are, and the part they play within our ecosystem.

What are sand dunes?

Dunes are an accumulation of wind blown sand at the rear of a beach. They range in size, from ridges less than one metre in height and width, to massive dune fields that extend for many kilometres.

What do coastal sand dunes do?

  • Protect land from storm erosion and potential sea level rise
  • dune vegetation trap wind blown sand and prevent sand being blown inland
  • provide habitats for specially adapted plants, bird and animals, several of which are now endangered, and aquatic habitats such as dune lakes
  • act as a filter for rainwater and groundwater
  • provide a range of unique landforms and processes of scientific value
  • contain some of the oldest and most significant evidence of our cultural heritage, like middens and urupa sites
  • if utilised wisely, dunes provide recreational, educational and eco-tourism opportunities.
  • contribute to the natural character of beaches.

Threats to sand dunes

Coastal sand dunes are one of New Zealand's most endangered habitats. There are a number of threats that dune and dune vegetation face:

  • development occurring within the dunes
  • introduction of exotic plants and weeds that invade and displace natives
  • pests, like rabbits and possums, eating native dune grasses
  • farm animals grazing on dune vegetation
  • vehicles, motorbikes or dune buggies
  • foot traffic and ‘dune surfing'
  • construction of seawalls and other structures that interfere with natural coastal processes.

How can I help preserve sand dunes?

For more information about how to get involved take this link.

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